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Endometrial biopsy

This involves removing a small sample of endometrial tissue (mucous membrane that lines the uterus) one to three days before an expected menstrual period. Endometrial biopsy is conducted by passing a small instrument through the cervix and into the uterus, where the tissue sample is obtained. The biopsy is performed to determine the adequacy of the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle. Histological examination demonstrates secretory changes in the glands of the endometrium if ovulation has taken place. The procedure may cause uterine cramps and discomfort and there is a very small risk that early pregnancy could be disrupted. Because of this, endometrial biopsy is not used as a first-line diagnostic test. 


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